python怎么制作天气预报小工具？GUI页面开发详解！

一．准备工作

python开发环境

二．预览

1.启动

启动以后自动定位所在城市，展示定位城市的天气。

2.添加城市

3.展示多个城市天气

添加天气之后能够显示多个城市天气信息。

三．设计流程

1.获取城市天气信息过程

用此流程图展示定位城市信息到获取城市天气信息过程。

四．源代码

1.Weather_Tool-v1.0.py

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from PIL import Image,ImageTk
from tkinter import messagebox
from Weather_Spider import Weather_Get
from threading import Thread
import datetime
import time

'''
5-1
1.打开首页定位当前位置获取天气    (ip定位+jieba分词+城市号+城市天气) **5.11实现**
2.用户手动选择，查看当前所选城市天气 （Toplevel+Combobox） **已实现**

5-14
1.加入notepad，显示多个城市天气    （notebook Frame）    **已实现**
2.频繁刷新检测（线程计时10秒）   **已实现**
3.用户选择主题    (Menu.add_radiobutton())    **已实现**
4.一个窗口多个Combobox，怎样处理选择事件	**已实现**

5-15
1.右击notebook frame标题出现“关闭”菜单	**已砍掉**
2.用户添加了城市后，label出现在了最后的Frame中	**未实现**

'''
imgs=['./img/loading.png']
class App:
    def __init__(self):
        self.w=Tk()
        self.w.title('天气预报小工具-v1.0')
        width=600
        height=282
        left=(self.w.winfo_screenwidth()-width)/2
        top=(self.w.winfo_screenheight()-height)/2
        self.w.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d'%(width,height,left,top))
        self.w.iconbitmap('biticon.ico')
        self.w.resizable(False,False)
        self.cerate_widgets()
        self.first_launch()
        self.set_widgets()
        self.place_widgets()
        self.thread_it(self.show_local_weather)
        self.w.mainloop()

    def cerate_widgets(self):
        self.note=ttk.Notebook()
        self.f1=Frame()
        self.tree=ttk.Treeview(self.f1)
        self.l1_var=StringVar()
        self.l1=ttk.Label(self.f1,textvariable=self.l1_var)
        self.m=Menu(self.w)
        self.w['menu']=self.m
        self.s1=Menu(self.m,tearoff=False)
        self.s2=Menu(self.m,tearoff=False)
        self.s3=Menu(self.m,tearoff=False)

    def set_widgets(self):
        self.location=[]
        style = ttk.Style(self.w)
        style.theme_use("default")
        columns=('rq','tq','flfx','zdqw','zgqw')
        self.tree.config(show='headings',columns=columns)
        self.tree.column(columns[0],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=95,width=110)
        self.tree.column(columns[1],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=60,width=70)
        self.tree.column(columns[2],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=90,width=100)
        self.tree.column(columns[3],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=90,width=100)
        self.tree.column(columns[4],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=90,width=100)
        self.tree.heading('rq', text='日期')
        self.tree.heading('tq', text='天气')
        self.tree.heading('flfx', text='风向风力')
        self.tree.heading('zdqw', text='最低气温')
        self.tree.heading('zgqw', text='最高气温')
        self.m.add_cascade(label='开始',menu=self.s1)
        self.s1.add_command(label='aaa',command='')
        self.s1.add_separator()
        self.s1.add_command(label='退出',command=self.quit_window)
        self.m.add_cascade(label='操作',menu=self.s2)
        self.s2.add_command(label='刷新',command=lambda:self.thread_it(self.refresh_weather))
        self.s2.add_command(label='添加城市',command=lambda:self.thread_it(self.select_city),state='disable')
        s2_sub = Menu(self.s2, tearoff=0)
        self.s2.add_separator()
        self.s2.add_cascade(label='更换主题',menu=s2_sub)
        self.m.add_cascade(label='关于',menu=self.s3)
        self.s3.add_command(label='关于作者',command=lambda :messagebox.showinfo('关于作者','作者很神秘，什么都没留下'))
        self.tree.tag_configure('evenColor',background='lightblue')
        self.w.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',self.quit_window)
        themes=[ 'default','clam', 'alt', 'classic']
        self.themevar=StringVar()
        for i,t in enumerate(themes):
            s2_sub.add_radiobutton(label=t,variable=self.themevar,command=lambda:self.thread_it(self.change_theme),value=t)
        self.themevar.set('default')

    def place_widgets(self):
        self.note.place(x=0,y=0,width=600,height=282)
        self.tree.place(x=0,y=0,width=600,height=150)
        self.l1.place(x=0,y=150,height=85,width=600)

    def first_launch(self):
        '''
        第一次启动，展示加载图片提示信息
        :return:
        '''
        self.start_time=time.time()
        paned = PanedWindow(self.w)
        self.img = imgs
        img = Image.open(self.img[0])
        paned.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)
        self.load_img = Label(self.w, image=paned.image)
        self.load_lab = Label(self.w, text='Loading...')
        self.load_img.pack()
        self.load_lab.pack()

    def show_local_weather(self):
        '''
        展示定位天气信息
        :return:
        '''
        self.l1_var.set('正在刷新天气......')
        items = self.tree.get_children()
        for item in items:
            self.tree.delete(item)
        try:
            city,item=Weather_Get().get_local_weather()
            self.load_img.destroy()
            self.load_lab.destroy()
            self.s2.entryconfig('添加城市', state='normal')
            self.note.add(self.f1,text=city)
            i=0
            for data in item['recent']:
                self.tree.insert('', i, values=(
                data.get('日期'), data.get('天气'), data.get('风力风向'), data.get('最低气温'), data.get('最高气温')))
                i+=1
            self.l1_var.set(f'今天：{self.show_date()}
当前所在地区：{city}
当前气温：{item["now"]}
感冒指数：{item["ganmao"]}')
        except TypeError:
            messagebox.showerror('错误','天气信息加载失败！')
            self.l1_var.set('天气信息加载失败！')
            self.s2.entryconfig('添加城市', state='normal')

    def refresh_weather(self):
        """
        刷新天气后，10秒内不能点击刷新
        :return:
        """
        self.s2.entryconfig('刷新', state='disable')
        self.show_local_weather()
        self.thread_it(self.wait_time)

    def wait_time(self):
        '''
        线程计时10s，十秒后刷新按钮可点击
        :return:
        '''
        time.sleep(10)
        self.s2.entryconfig('刷新', state='normal')



    def show_date(self):
        """
        展示日期信息，便于天气展示
        :return:
        """
        date = str(datetime.date.today())
        year,month,day=date.split('-')
        week_day_dict = {
            0: '星期一',
            1: '星期二',
            2: '星期三',
            3: '星期四',
            4: '星期五',
            5: '星期六',
            6: '星期日 ',
        }
        now=datetime.datetime.now()
        date_index = now.weekday()
        return f'{year}年{month}月{day}日 {week_day_dict[date_index]}'

    def select_city(self):
        '''
        Toplevel让用户选择城市，后台获取城市号
        :return:
        '''
        self.t=Toplevel()
        self.t.resizable(0,0)
        width=300
        height=140
        left=(self.t.winfo_screenwidth()-width)/2
        top=(self.t.winfo_screenheight()-height)/2
        self.t.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d'%(width,height,left,top))
        self.t.title('选择城市')
        self.tl1=ttk.Label(self.t,text='请选择城市：')
        self.tl1.pack()
        provinces=Weather_Get().get_provinces()
        self.tc1=ttk.Combobox(self.t,justify='center',state='readonly',value=provinces)
        self.tc2=ttk.Combobox(self.t,justify='center',state='readonly')
        self.tc1.pack()
        self.tc1.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>',self.show_tc2_value)
        self.tc2.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>',self.show_tc3_value)
        self.tc2.pack()
        self.tc3=ttk.Combobox(self.t,justify='center',state='readonly')
        self.tc3.pack()
        self.tb1=ttk.Button(self.t,text='选择',command=lambda :self.thread_it(self.ack_city))
        self.tb1.pack(pady=10)
#----待完善
    def ack_city(self):
        '''
        Toplevel中选择了城市，选择使用notebook中建立Frame展示所选城市信息
        :return:
        '''
        cityno=self.get_city_no()
        weather_item=Weather_Get().get_weather(cityno)
        location=self.province_name+self.city_name+self.region
        if location in self.location:
            messagebox.showwarning('警告','此城市已添加，请勿重复添加！')
        else:
            self.location.append(location)
            self.f2= Frame(takefocus=True)
            self.note.add(self.f2, text=location)
            self.tree2 = ttk.Treeview(self.f2)
            columns = ('rq', 'tq', 'flfx', 'zdqw', 'zgqw')
            self.tree2.config(show='headings', columns=columns)
            self.tree2.column(columns[0], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=95, width=110)
            self.tree2.column(columns[1], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=60, width=70)
            self.tree2.column(columns[2], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=90, width=100)
            self.tree2.column(columns[3], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=90, width=100)
            self.tree2.column(columns[4], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=90, width=100)
            self.tree2.heading('rq', text='日期')
            self.tree2.heading('tq', text='天气')
            self.tree2.heading('flfx', text='风向风力')
            self.tree2.heading('zdqw', text='最低气温')
            self.tree2.heading('zgqw', text='最高气温')
            self.tree2.place(x=0,y=0,width=600,height=150)
            # label_='label'+str(self.click_no)
            # label_var='label'+str(self.click_no)+'_var'
            self.fl1_var=StringVar()
            self.fl1=ttk.Label(self.f2,textvariable=self.fl1_var)
            self.fl1.place(x=0,y=150,height=85,width=600)
            items = self.tree2.get_children()
            for item in items:
                self.tree2.delete(item)
            try:
                item = weather_item
                city=location
                i = 0
                for data in item['recent']:
                    self.tree2.insert('', i, values=(
                        data.get('日期'), data.get('天气'), data.get('风力风向'), data.get('最低气温'), data.get('最高气温')))
                    i += 1
                self.fl1_var.set(f'今天：{self.show_date()}
当前所在地区：{city}
当前气温：{item["now"]}
感冒指数：{item["ganmao"]}')
            except TypeError:
                messagebox.showerror('错误','天气信息加载失败！')
                self.fl1_var.set(f'{city}天气信息加载失败！')
        self.t.destroy()

    def change_tab(self,*args):
        pass

    def show_tc2_value(self,event):
        '''
        展示"市"级信息
        :param event:
        :return:
        '''
        self.tc2.config(value=[])
        self.tc3.config(value=[])
        self.province_name=self.tc1.get()
        cities=Weather_Get().get_cities(self.province_name)
        self.tc2.config(value=cities)

    def show_tc3_value(self,event):
        '''
        展示"区/县"级信息
        :param event:
        :return:
        '''
        self.city_name=self.tc2.get()
        regions=Weather_Get().get_regions(self.province_name,self.city_name)
        self.tc3.config(value=regions)

    def get_city_no(self):
        """
        根据省、市、区、县 获取城市号
        :return: 城市号
        """
        self.region=self.tc3.get()
        city_no=Weather_Get().get_city_id_by_add(self.province_name,self.city_name,self.region)
        return city_no

    def change_theme(self,):
        '''
        更换主题
        :return:
        '''
        theme=self.themevar.get()
        style = ttk.Style(self.w)
        style.theme_use(theme)


    def quit_window(self):
        ret=messagebox.askyesno('退出','是否要退出？')
        if ret:
            self.w.destroy()

    def thread_it(self,func,*args):
        '''
        防止线程冲突
        :param func:
        :param args:
        :return:
        '''
        t=Thread(target=func,args=args)
        t.setDaemon(True)
        t.start()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a=App()

2.Weather_Spider.py

#coding:utf-8
import requests
import json
from lxml import etree
import jieba

class Weather_Get():

    def __init__(self):
        self.base_ip_url='http://ip-api.com/json'
        self.location_url='https://ip.tool.chinaz.com/'
        #获取中国国内城市--number接口
        self.city_number_url='http://static.2ktq.com/sktq/common/city_China.json'
        #天气查询接口
        self.base_weather_url='http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?citykey={}'
        self.headers={
            'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36',
        }
        self.item=self.get_city_item()


    def request(self,url,headers):
        """
        请求url，可自定义请求头
        :param url: 请求的url
        :param headers: 自定义的请求头
        :return: 网页文本数据
        """
        s=requests.session()
        s.keep_alive=False
        try:
            r=s.get(url,headers=headers)
            r.encoding='utf-8'
            if r.status_code==200:
                r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
                return r.text
            else:
                return None
        except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
            return None

    def get_city(self):
        """
        通过ip定位到当前城市
        :return:所在省市位置信息
        """
        my_headers={
            'Connection': 'keep-alive',
            'Host': 'ip.tool.chinaz.com',
            'sec-ch-ua': '"Google Chrome";v="89", "Chromium";v="89", ";Not A Brand";v="99"',
            'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36',
            'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1'
        }
        res = etree.HTML(self.request(self.location_url,headers=my_headers))
        location = res.xpath('//div[@class="WhoIpWrap jspu"]//span[@class="Whwtdhalf w30-0 lh24 tl ml80"]/em/text()')
        #结巴分词好费时间啊
        jieba_cut_result = jieba.lcut(''.join(location))
        try:
            #去除首位的国家和网络类型
            del jieba_cut_result[0]
            del jieba_cut_result[-1]
            item = {}
            # 如果结果为类似 石家庄裕华 则自动加入市区
            if jieba_cut_result[0]!=jieba_cut_result[1]:
                item['province'] = jieba_cut_result[0] + '市'
                item['city'] = jieba_cut_result[1] + "区"
                return item
            else:
                # 如果结果为类似 北京北京 则自动加入市
                item['province'] = jieba_cut_result[0] + '市'
                item['city'] = jieba_cut_result[1] + "市"
                return item
        except IndexError:
            return False

    def get_city_item(self):
        res =self.request(self.city_number_url,headers=self.headers)
        item=eval("{'cities':"+res+"}")
        return item

    def get_provinces(self):
        province=[p for p in self.item['cities']]
        #print(province)
        return province

    def get_cities(self,province):
        cities_=self.item['cities'][province]
        cities=[city for city in cities_.keys()]
        return cities

    def get_regions(self,province,city):
        regions_=self.item['cities'][province][city]
        regions=[region for region in regions_.keys()]
        #print(province,city,regions)
        return regions

    def get_city_id_by_add(self,province,city,region=''):
        if region=='':
            city_no=self.item['cities'][province][city][city].replace('CN','')

        else:
            city_no=self.item['cities'][province][city][region].replace('CN','')
        return city_no


    def get_cityid(self,province,city):
        """
        通过省、市在字典中查找对应的城市号
        :param province: 省
        :param city: 市
        :return: 城市号
        """
        if province in self.item['cities'].keys():
            try:
                #河北省唐山市唐山市（通常的省市）
                number=self.item['cities'][province].get(city).get(city).replace('CN','')
                return number
            except AttributeError:
                number=self.item['cities'][province].get(province).get(city).replace('CN','')
                return number
        else:
            print('未检索到关于{}{}的信息！'.format(province,city))

    def get_weather(self,number):
        weather_data = json.loads(self.request(self.base_weather_url.format(number),self.headers))
        # pprint.pprint(weather_data)
        data=weather_data['data']
        item={}
        yesterday={}
        item_list=[]
        yesterday['日期']=data['yesterday']['date']+'（昨天）'
        item['now']=data['wendu']+'℃'
        item['ganmao']=data['ganmao']
        yesterday['天气']=data['yesterday']['type']
        yesterday['风力风向']=data['yesterday']['fx']+data['yesterday']['fl'].replace('<![CDATA[','').replace(']]>','')
        yesterday['最低气温']=data['yesterday']['low'].replace('低温 ','')
        yesterday['最高气温']=data['yesterday']['high'].replace('高温 ','')
        item_list.append(yesterday)
        count=0
        for weateher in data['forecast']:
            item2={}
            if count==0:
                date=weateher['date']+'（今天）'
            elif count==1:
                date=weateher['date']+'（明天）'
            elif count==2:
                date=weateher['date']+'（后天）'
            else:
                date=weateher['date']+f'（{count-1}天后）'
            item2['日期']=date
            item2['天气'] = weateher['type']
            item2['风力风向']=weateher['fengxiang']+weateher['fengli'].replace('<![CDATA[','').replace(']]>','')
            item2['最低气温'] = weateher['low'].replace('低温 ', '')
            item2['最高气温'] = weateher['high'].replace('高温 ', '')
            item_list.append(item2)
            count+=1
        item['recent']=item_list
        return item

    def get_local_weather(self):
        item=Weather_Get().get_city()
        if item:
            p=item['province']
            c=item['city']
            number=Weather_Get().get_cityid(p,c)
            weather=Weather_Get().get_weather(number)
            return p+c,weather
        else:
            return False

五．总结

本次使用Tkinter写了一款天气预报小工具，基本支持全国每个省市的天气预报，支持历史天气（昨天）查看，虽然基本功能能够实现，但是仍旧存在两个小问题：
1.添加超过两个城市天气后，具体城市信息会显示在最新添加的Freame中。
2.ip定位不准确。

本程序还有两个特色：

1.支持更换主题。
2.程序首次启动加入了加载过渡。

小结

以上就是python制作天气预报工具的详细开发过程，更多学习python GUI页面开发的资料请关注W3Cschool其它相关文章！