灰度一般指的就是灰度发布,在微服务中,当有新的服务上线,一般都会选择将少量请求分配给新服务上,其他的请求分配给就得服务。等到新服务的测试通过,再将服务进行统一分配。下面,我给大家讲讲在 SpringCloud 中是如何使用 Ribbon 工具和 Zuul 来完成网关灰度的实现。
Eureka默认集成了Ribbon,所以Ribbon的灰度实现原理就是借助服务注册到Eureka中的eureka.instance.metadata-map的内容来进行匹配的。
Zuul网关的灰度实现也是借助了一个Ribbon的插件来实现,相对比较简单。
项目环境说明:有两个eureka的服务端(eureka-server),有两个相同的后端服务(service-sms),有一个网关服务(cloud-zuul)。
1、网关的依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.kevin</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-zuul</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>cloud-zuul</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR10</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
<version>2.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jmnarloch</groupId>
<artifactId>ribbon-discovery-filter-spring-cloud-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
<version>2.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.21</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.48</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<excludes>
<exclude>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
这里我们用到的就是io.jmnarloch.ribbon-discovery-filter-spring-cloud-starter 这个插件包。需要注意的是,这个包引入之后,eureka-client自身带的ribbon很多功能就被覆盖了,而且不能再自定义IRule规则。因为这个包里面会生成一个metadataAwareRule的IRule,因为spring默认是单例,所以如果再自定义IRule会出现冲突运行时报错。
2、配置application.yaml
server: port: 9100 spring: application: name: cloud-zuul datasource: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai username: root password: root dbcp2: initial-size: 5 min-idle: 5 max-total: 10 max-wait-millis: 1000 validation-query: select 1 test-while-idle: true test-on-borrow: false test-on-return: false eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka-7900:7900/eureka/ mybatis: mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
说明: 我的eureka服务端是部署在域名eureka-7900端口7900。
3、springboot启动类中添加@EnableZuulProxy
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
public class CloudZuulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(CloudZuulApplication.class, args);
}
}
4、添加灰度过滤器
import com.kevin.dao.CommonGrayRuleDao;
import com.kevin.entity.CommonGrayRule;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import io.jmnarloch.spring.cloud.ribbon.support.RibbonFilterContextHolder;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
//加入spring的管理
@Component
public class GrayFilter extends ZuulFilter {
@Override
public String filterType() {
return FilterConstants.ROUTE_TYPE;
}
@Override
public int filterOrder() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
//必须返回true,否则过滤器不起作用
return true;
}
@SuppressWarnings("SpringJavaInjectionPointsAutowiringInspection")
@Autowired
private CommonGrayRuleDao commonGrayRuleDao;
@Override
public Object run() throws ZuulException {
//模拟从数据库中获取灰度规则配置,此处根据id获取的,实际项目中可以从数据库查处所有放到缓存
CommonGrayRule commonGrayRule = commonGrayRuleDao.selectByPrimaryKey(1);
RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest();
int userId = Integer.parseInt(request.getHeader("userId"));
//从head中拿出userid,根据数据库中规则进行匹配,如果灰度规则中有这个用户就走灰度v1版本,此处模拟的是根据
//某一个具体的id获取的值,实际根据情况来定,实际情况中灰度规则也不一定是根据用户来
if(commonGrayRule.getId() == userId){
//核心代码就这么一行,实现了灰度,这里的version与要访问的服务的metadata-map中的key和value进行对应
RibbonFilterContextHolder.getCurrentContext().add("version","v1");
}
return null;
}
}
至此通过网关访问service-sms服务就可以了。如果head中添加version就可以指定到具体服务上。
事前说明:两个service-sms服务的application.yaml文件如下:
spring: profiles: sms1 application: name: service-sms server: port: 8001 eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka-7900:7900/eureka/ instance: metadata-map: version: v1 --- spring: profiles: sms2 application: name: service-sms server: port: 8002 eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka-7900:7900/eureka/ instance: metadata-map: version: v2
因为本机测试,所以使用的是profiles进行区分。
可以看到一个metadata-map设置的是version: v1 ,另一个是version: v2。
当我们数据库添加一条用户id是1的数据时,我们通过网关访问服务的时候,head里面添加userId为1的内容,那么这个用户为1的请求就会一直走sms1这个服务,否则会在sms1和sms2中轮询切换。
以上就是 Spring Cloud 使用 Ribbon 和 Zuul 完成网关灰度实现的详细内容,想要了解更多关于 SpringCloud 网关灰度的其他资料请关注W3Cschool其它相关文章!